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Review article

Plant cell walls to ethanol

Douglas B. Jordan, Michael J. Bowman, Jay D. Braker, Bruce S. Dien, Ronald E. Hector, Charles C. Lee, Jeffrey A. Mertens, Kurt Wagschal
Biochemical Journal Feb 13, 2012, 442 (2) 241-252; DOI: 10.1042/BJ20111922
Douglas B. Jordan
USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.
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  • For correspondence: douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov
Michael J. Bowman
USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.
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Jay D. Braker
USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.
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Bruce S. Dien
USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.
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Ronald E. Hector
USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.
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Charles C. Lee
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A.
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Jeffrey A. Mertens
USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.
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Kurt Wagschal
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A.
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Abstract

Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes second generation bioethanol production. The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and separation. Ultimately, it is desirable to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve CBP (consolidated bioprocessing). A commercially ready CBP organism is currently unreported. Production of second generation bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying kcat ~1 s−1 on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of co-fermentation of 5- and 6-carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

  • cellulose
  • co-fermentation
  • economics
  • hemicellulose
  • lignin
  • physiochemical pretreatment

Abbreviations: CBP, consolidated bioprocessing; CE, carbohydrate esterase; DP, degree of polymerization; GH, glycoside hydrolase; 4NPA, 4-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranose; 4NPX, 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside; PK, phosphoketolase; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; SHF, separate hydrolysis and fermentation; SSCF, simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation; SSF, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

  • © The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 Biochemical Society
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March 2012

Volume: 442 Issue: 2

Biochemical Journal: 442 (2)
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Plant cell walls to ethanol
Douglas B. Jordan, Michael J. Bowman, Jay D. Braker, Bruce S. Dien, Ronald E. Hector, Charles C. Lee, Jeffrey A. Mertens, Kurt Wagschal
Biochemical Journal Mar 2012, 442 (2) 241-252; DOI: 10.1042/BJ20111922
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Plant cell walls to ethanol
Douglas B. Jordan, Michael J. Bowman, Jay D. Braker, Bruce S. Dien, Ronald E. Hector, Charles C. Lee, Jeffrey A. Mertens, Kurt Wagschal
Biochemical Journal Mar 2012, 442 (2) 241-252; DOI: 10.1042/BJ20111922

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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INTRODUCTION
    • PLANT CELL WALL STRUCTURE
    • PRETREATMENT PROCESSES
    • THE ENZYMES
    • FERMENTATION
    • PATH FORWARD
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Keywords

cellulose
co-fermentation
economics
hemicellulose
lignin
physiochemical pretreatment

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